Improvement in explosive projectiles



J. JGBSON.

EXPLOSIVB PROJECTILB. No'. 96,595. Patented Nov. 9, 1869;

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dlniied Staten JOHN Jonson,v or

DERBY, Ene-LAND.

Letters Patent No. 96,595, dated liovembe'r 9, 186.9.

- IMPROVEMENT IN EXPLOSIVE PROJECTILES.

The Schedule referred to` in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

Tu all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN J OB'SON, oi' Derby, England, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Explosive Projectiles; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.'

The-object to be attained in the use of explosive projectiles, is the fracture of thc parts of them into a number of fragments, each of which may, on the explosion of the explosive matter contained in the projectile, produce some destructive effect.

Various attempts have been made to increase these effects by giving delinite forms to the parts constituting the case ofthe shell, adapted to facilitate their action on each other for separation of them into many separate parts. vBut the forms hitherto proposed have mostly been limited to the cylindrical or parallel portion of the projectile, and the head or outer end of the projectile has been formed solid, except for the passage into it, or of some part thereof, of the charge of explosive matter.

The object of my improvement is to admit of the head, or forward end or part of the projectile being split or broken up into a number ot' definite forms or parts; also, by the form'of a portion of this head or end, to facilitate the separation and distribution of parts composing the cylindrical or parallel portion or body ofthe projectile.

Another object ofthe improvement is to insure the fracture or division ot' the parts of the projectile into definite portions or sections, by forming such parts lwith surfaces inclining in opposite and other directions, or partly inclined and partly in a plane, at right angles to the axis, to the projectile, or parallel to such right angle, so that parts of every ring, by being of varying thickness, vmay be better adapted for the portions of one ring in their action upon those of another on the explosion of the contained explosive matter'.

But that the invention may be f ully understood, I

will, by the aid of the accompanying drawings, pro-.

ceed to describe means pursued by me in carrying the same into effect.

Figure 1 represents a central section of a projectile constructed according to my invention.

Figures 2, 3, and 4, are horizontal views, showing parts ofthe projectile separately.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

a is what may be called the base of the projectile, being of cylindrical form, with conical upper part.

Upon it is placed a series of concen trio rings, b and c, which are inclined at an angle on their upper and under surfaces, corresponding to the conical top of the base, or in place of being wholly inclined, they maybe only partially so.

The outer rings b have upright outer edges, to form, together with the base, a cylindrical body.

Upon the same is placed the stud-ring d, completing the cylindrical or parallel portion, or body of the projectile.

Upon this ring d, I apply another series of rings, which, so far as they are in pairs, are concentric.

These rings are respectively marked el e2 e c1 e5 c6 and fff2 f f4, ibrming the lower portion of the head or outer end of the projectile; that is to say, the outer rings c e?, dro., have their outer edges so shaped as to gradually contract the upperpart oi' the shell.

rlhe apex of the shell or projectile is formed by a hollow7 ping, g, which can be closed on the top a nutj.

The variations in the size and form of the respective rings el c2 eetcie and f'1f2f3f* are clearly shown in fig. 1.

The piece g, as it extends downward within the` inner rings j" f2 f3 f, is gradually tapered down, and is connected to the base a by a screw-spilnlle orcon* necting-piecc, le., which, for this purpose, is formed with a screw at each end, one end passing into the base a. and the other into the piece g.

iVlien the parts are closely screwed together, 'the stem h holds all in correct relative position.

Each of these inner rings, c and j'1j'2 f3 f", is, on the outer edge, provided with a series of wedge-like teeth, c* fit, which are placed between the teeth b* and et, formed on the inner edges ot' the respective outer rings l) and c' c2 c3 ci, as in rigs. 2 and 4.

lt will be observed that the sides ot' the teeth o the inner. circles or rings are not parallel, but are at an angle to those of the teeth of the outer rings.

The form of these teeth may, however, bevaried, care being taken that the form adopted bc such that a forcible action outward of the parts of each inner` ring tends, in their acting between the teeth of the ,respective outer rings, to effect the division of those rings into separate parts.

ln the drawing there are represented but six inner rings c, while there are eight outer rings b, and there is a hollow conical piece or cup, n., resting on the inner edge ofthe upper ring b.

It will be seen that the piece g is formed with an internal chamber, g1, and with passages g2 g2 therefrom to the ring, and thence through passages y, in d, to the interior of theconical piece or cup 1.,by which the explosive composition may be supplied through the part I/ to theconical picco or cup n., and to a channel, d, formed in the ring d, as in tig. 3, which is an inverted plan view of the ring d.

If desired, the-explosive matter, may also be caused lto low up between the outer surface of the cone g and the interior of the rings f1 f2 f3 f.

rlhe chamber g1 is closed by a screw-plug, j, which is withdrawn for the introduction of the fuse.

l is a washer, of leather or other suitable material, applied between the ring (l and upper ring b, and conical piece or cup n, closing the outer part of the Achannel d1, thereby forming it into a chamber, and

preventing the explosive matter from passing down between the ringsc and the rings l1.

By these means, when the explosive matter in the projectile is iired, it will act ou the conical piece or cup n, and by forcing it downward, will cause it toi'irst act on the two upper rings 1) and then on the rings c, and by them on the other ot' the rings b, forming the cylindrical or parallel portion, or body of the projectile, to cause the frac-ture ot these rings into a number of definite portions, and a like effect willalso simultaneously be produced on the rings e1 e2 e eI c" c6 and j" f2 f 3 f* of the head of the projectile.

' This latter effect will be obtained by the ring d,

vThe explosive matter is prevented from passing below the conical piece or cup u to the chamber i, by means ot' leather or 'other suitable washer m., which is applied in the interior of the conical piece or cup n, so as to surround th'e spindle h, and prevent the passage of the explosive mixture between that spindle and the chamber i.

c3113 are studs, affixed on the outer surfaces ot' the rings a and d, to pass into the rifle-grooves of the gun.

lVhen-explosion of the contained explosive matter takes place, the parts of the rings b and c, as separated, are' driven off in directions corresponding with the angle of inclination of the respective rings b and c.

Having thus described my invention,

- I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent-- A projectile, formed of a base, a, concentric rings b @stud-ring d, cup n, packing m l, the rings/el f, c2 fie" f3, c4 f, c5 e, the chambered piece g, and plug g, all constructed, and arranged with respect to one another, in the manner described.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name .to this specification, in the presence of -two subscribing witnesses;

JOHN JOBSON.

XVitnesses:

THOMAS C. RYLEY,

Nota/ry Public, Liverpool. WILLIAM Klvox,

His Clerk. 

